Neuromorphic Engineering Book
  • Welcome
  • Preliminaries
    • About the author
    • Preface
    • A tale about passion and fear
    • Before we begin
  • I. Introduction
    • 1. Introducing the perspective of the scientist
      • From the neuron doctrine to emergent behavior
      • Brain modeling
      • Take away lessons
    • 2. Introducing the perspective of the computer architect
      • Limits of integrated circuits
      • Emerging computing paradigms
      • Brain-inspired hardware
      • Take away lessons
      • Errata
    • 3. Introducing the perspective of the algorithm designer
      • From artificial to spiking neural networks
      • Neuromorphic software development
      • Take home lessons
  • II. Scientist perspective
    • 4. Biological description of neuronal dynamics
      • Potentials, spikes and power estimation
      • Take away lessons
      • Errata
    • 5. Models of point neuronal dynamic
      • Tutorial - models of point neuronal processes
        • The leaky integrate and fire model
        • The Izhikevich neuron model
        • The Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model
      • Synapse modeling and point neurons
      • Case study: a SNN for perceptual filling-in
      • Take away lessons
    • 6. Models of morphologically detailed neurons
      • Morphologically detailed modeling
      • The cable equation
      • The compartmental model
      • Case study: direction-selective SAC
      • Take away lessons
    • 7. Models of network dynamic and learning
      • Circuit taxonomy, reconstruction, and simulation
      • Case study: SACs' lateral inhibition in direction selectivity
      • Neuromorphic and biological learning
      • Take away lessons
      • Errate
  • III. Architect perspective
    • 8. Neuromorphic Hardware
      • Transistors and micro-power circuitry
      • The silicon neuron
      • Case study: hardware - software co-synthesis
      • Take away lessons
    • 9. Communication and hybrid circuit design
      • Neural architectures
      • Take away lessons
    • 10. In-memory computing with memristors
      • Memristive computing
      • Take away lessons
      • Errata
  • IV. Algorithm designer perspective
    • 11. Introduction to neuromorphic programming
      • Theory and neuromorphic programming
      • Take away lessons
    • 12. The neural engineering framework
      • NEF: Representation
      • NEF: Transformation
      • NEF: Dynamics
      • Case study: motion detection using oscillation interference
      • Take away lessons
      • Errate
    • 13. Learning spiking neural networks
      • Learning with SNN
      • Take away lessons
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  1. I. Introduction

2. Introducing the perspective of the computer architect

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Acquiring the capability to spatially and temporally manipulate electrons within integrated circuits which typically comprise billions of transistors has changed the course of human society and practically defined the digital age. However, advancements in the fabrication of integrated circuits, which for two decades were driven by Dennard Scaling and Moore’s law, are slowly declining due to quantum and power constraints. One promising direction for architectural chip design which aims at pro- viding computational resources with low energy and high performance is neuromorphic engineering. This chapter will introduce the computer architect’s perspective on neuromorphic engineering which aims to provide advanced computational resources with low energy and high efficiency. We will discuss some of the limitations in designing integrated circuits, understand the architectural rationale of neuromorphic designs, and introduce some of the prominent neuromorphic frameworks currently available.