Neuromorphic Engineering Book
  • Welcome
  • Preliminaries
    • About the author
    • Preface
    • A tale about passion and fear
    • Before we begin
  • I. Introduction
    • 1. Introducing the perspective of the scientist
      • From the neuron doctrine to emergent behavior
      • Brain modeling
      • Take away lessons
    • 2. Introducing the perspective of the computer architect
      • Limits of integrated circuits
      • Emerging computing paradigms
      • Brain-inspired hardware
      • Take away lessons
      • Errata
    • 3. Introducing the perspective of the algorithm designer
      • From artificial to spiking neural networks
      • Neuromorphic software development
      • Take home lessons
  • II. Scientist perspective
    • 4. Biological description of neuronal dynamics
      • Potentials, spikes and power estimation
      • Take away lessons
      • Errata
    • 5. Models of point neuronal dynamic
      • Tutorial - models of point neuronal processes
        • The leaky integrate and fire model
        • The Izhikevich neuron model
        • The Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model
      • Synapse modeling and point neurons
      • Case study: a SNN for perceptual filling-in
      • Take away lessons
    • 6. Models of morphologically detailed neurons
      • Morphologically detailed modeling
      • The cable equation
      • The compartmental model
      • Case study: direction-selective SAC
      • Take away lessons
    • 7. Models of network dynamic and learning
      • Circuit taxonomy, reconstruction, and simulation
      • Case study: SACs' lateral inhibition in direction selectivity
      • Neuromorphic and biological learning
      • Take away lessons
      • Errate
  • III. Architect perspective
    • 8. Neuromorphic Hardware
      • Transistors and micro-power circuitry
      • The silicon neuron
      • Case study: hardware - software co-synthesis
      • Take away lessons
    • 9. Communication and hybrid circuit design
      • Neural architectures
      • Take away lessons
    • 10. In-memory computing with memristors
      • Memristive computing
      • Take away lessons
      • Errata
  • IV. Algorithm designer perspective
    • 11. Introduction to neuromorphic programming
      • Theory and neuromorphic programming
      • Take away lessons
    • 12. The neural engineering framework
      • NEF: Representation
      • NEF: Transformation
      • NEF: Dynamics
      • Case study: motion detection using oscillation interference
      • Take away lessons
      • Errate
    • 13. Learning spiking neural networks
      • Learning with SNN
      • Take away lessons
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  1. III. Architect perspective

8. Neuromorphic Hardware

Chapter 8

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From the computer architect’s perspective, neuromorphic hardware has the potential to shed light on some of the greatest challenges in chip design: thermal management and memory wall. Neuromorphic systems emulate the organization and function of nervous systems. They are comprised of analog and digital electronic circuits, fabricated using the Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology using Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI). These neuromorphic systems directly embody the physical processes that underlie the computations of neural systems in their CMOS circuits. Neuromorphic hardware offers a method of exploring neural computation in a medium whose physical behavior is analogous to biological nervous systems and operates in real-time, irrespective of size. This chapter will review the most basic building blocks in neuromorphic electronics and the design of Silicon neurons (SiN).